Recently i faced below problem while opening SQL Server Management Studio [SSMS], after trying multiple things finally it started working,

Fig1 – Cannot Find One or More Components. Please Reinstall the Application
Solution –
- Go to Control panel -> uninstall programs and search for Shell. [In my case its 2015, it may depend on different versions on our system.]

Visual Studio Shell 2015
3. Right click and choose to repaire.
4. if repaire option is not available, then uninstall it and install again from below URL.
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/older-downloads/isolated-shell/
5. After re-paring/uninstall-install of VS shell, i have restarted my machine and then try to reopen ssms. it started working. 🙂